The usual culprit is a leaking heater core. Antifreeze has a sweet scent, and when it leaks into the heater box, that cloying sweetness will propagate throughout your car. The windows fog up with this problem, too. When the antifreeze evaporates and then condenses on the windshield, it creates a sticky film that’s tough to clean off. The fix: Replace the heater core. In most cases, this is a job best left to professionals unless you have experience working on your car. Many heater cores are difficult to reach if you don’t know what you’re doing. If replacing your heater core is cost-prohibitive, bypass the heater core and use an electric car heater or another car heater alternative. Heater boxes are typically designed with drainage pipes that allow condensation to drip out. If you notice a puddle of clean water under your car, particularly with the air conditioning running, it probably dripped out of the heater box. If the heater box can’t drain properly, water can collect in it, causing a moldy, musty, mildewy smell. The fix: Drain the heater box and remediate any lingering odor. The first step is to unplug the heater box drain if it’s clogged. Seek professional help if it’s too difficult to reach. If water gets into your car through a leak, find the leak and stop it. Then, let everything dry out naturally or with a heater. If the smell occurs when you turn on the heater, the problem is likely a component such as a blower motor, resistor, or related electronics getting hot. If the smell shows up when you turn on the fresh air intake (as opposed to the “recirculate” setting on your car’s HVAC system), it’s probably coming from outside the vehicle. The fix: Locate the component that gets hot or is failing, and replace it. If the smell comes from the heater, diagnosing and fixing the problem requires access to the heater box. Inspect components such as the blower motor to determine which one caused the smell. If no moisture is present in the heater box, the leaves or other materials can become dry enough to ignite, which can cause a small fire inside the heater box. The fix: Assuming whatever’s in the heater box has not yet ignited, remove the heater box, clean it out, and put it back together. To prevent this situation in the future, install fine wire mesh over the fresh air intake. Other common sources are old gear lube from a manual transmission or differential and a foreign substance in the fresh air intake. The fix: Leave the fresh air intake off until you determine and address the root cause. A smell that comes from inside the HVAC system is difficult to eliminate, especially if someone dumped something foul into the vents. The fix: Disassemble the system, remove any foreign material, and clean the components as best you can. Consider installing some kind of mesh to prevent this from happening again.
